Subject: Unknown Subject

Letter to the editor of the Occident, discussing prejudice between different European groups and the need for greater unity among Jews regardless of national origin or religious practice. The author lauds the work of existing Jewish sewing societies while encouraging further charitable work among different Jewish communities.

Letter from A. L. Mayer in Syracuse, NY, to Isaac Leeser in Philadelphia, PA. Mayer discusses his business affairs, including a job offer in Baltimore and the publication of a scandalous newspaper article by a certain Sarner. He requests a shipment of Hebrew books and mentions moving into a new residence. The letter is written in German and English, includes Hebrew words and phrases, and contains several handwritten additions and deletions.

B.H. Gothelf writes, in German in Hebrew script, giving names of several new subscribers and people who want other books. Collection of outstanding money for subscriptions is slow. Regrets lost subscribers, especially one Emanuel Bamberger, whose subscriptions he will try to regain. Reports an Antisemitic verbal attack, to which he replied in the local press.

Jaroslawski defends Marcusson against accusations of bribery and conversion, detailing interactions with missionaries and criticizing their methods. He describes a missionary, Avery, who visited him, claimed success in conversion, and then did not return. He discusses the motivations of missionaries, asserting that their actions are driven by money and a desire for conversions rather than genuine concern for Jewish people. He notes that those who criticize Marcusson are driven by self-interest and that Marcusson is not influenced by monetary considerations. He closes by hoping his account will be published to inform the public.

Letter from M. Seligson of Galveston, Texas to Isaac Leeser in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, dated June 19, 1853. Seligson writes about his recent election to the mayoralty of Galveston, explaining that he accepted the office not for personal gain but to counter the actions of a clique that was publicly preaching "crusades against our Nation." He suggests that if Jewish people would only uphold their rights and privileges, they could achieve higher office. A reference is made to *The Occident*, Vol. 11, No. 3, p. 188.

Six-page letter from S. Wolff in Mobile, Alabama, to Isaac Leeser in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, discussing the apparent suicide of E. L. Andrews, a Mobile businessman. Wolff details the circumstances surrounding Andrews's death, including his financial troubles and the discovery of his body. The letter also mentions the disappearance of Andrews's brother, Z. Andrews, of New Orleans, and the prevailing prejudices against Jews in Mobile. Wolff concludes by requesting a book and inquiring about business prospects.

Newspaper clipping from *The Israelite*, November 27, 1868, includes three letters regarding General Grant and Order No. 11, which expelled Jews from certain areas during the Civil War. The first letter is from I. N. Morris to Dr. Isaac M. Wise, enclosing a letter from Adolph Moses to General Grant and Grant's reply to Morris. The letters discuss the impact of Order No. 11 on the Jewish community and Grant's denial of anti-Semitic intent. The clipping concludes with an editorial note from *The Israelite* promising further commentary on the matter.

Newspaper clipping from *The Israelite*, titled "The Mysteries of General Grant's Order No. 11." The clipping discusses the origins of General Grant's Order No. 11, which expelled Jews from the Department of the Tennessee. It alleges that the order resulted from machinations by Washington cotton speculators who resented competition from Jewish traders. The article details the events leading up to the order, including an anonymous letter sent to the War Office, and the subsequent revocation of the order by President Lincoln. The author defends their reporting on the matter and criticizes those who accused them of political maneuvering.

This record contains two newspaper articles. The first is a report of the meeting of the Executive Committee of the Board of Delegates of American Israelites held in New York on January 8, 1863, where resolutions were adopted protesting General Grant's expulsion of Jews from the Department of Tennessee. The second article discusses the cotton speculation involving General Grant's father, Jesse Grant, and the Mack Brothers, suggesting that the expulsion order might have been motivated by the brothers' refusal to settle a partnership account.